{"id":16,"date":"2014-09-29T15:00:00","date_gmt":"2014-09-29T15:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.sherin.com\/professional-liability\/2014\/09\/29\/social-media-and-spoliation-can-a-client-delete-her-facebook-posts\/"},"modified":"2017-09-28T20:23:43","modified_gmt":"2017-09-28T20:23:43","slug":"social-media-and-spoliation-can-a-client-delete-her-facebook-posts","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.sherin.com\/law-firm-defense\/2014\/09\/29\/social-media-and-spoliation-can-a-client-delete-her-facebook-posts\/","title":{"rendered":"Social Media and Spoliation \u2013 Can A Client Delete Her Facebook Posts?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Jurors, litigants, and their attorneys are increasingly savvy about social media.\u00a0 At the same time, it seems that many people do not use the same \u201cfilters\u201d that they employ in other parts of their lives. Put simply, they are not thoughtful about how their social media activity might be perceived.\u00a0 A classic example of this is a Facebook post at the center of a now infamous case that demonstrates the dangers of social media.\u00a0 In Lester v. Allied Concrete Co.<\/span>, 2011 Va. Cir. LEXIS 245 (Va. Cir. Ct. 2011 Sept. 6, 2011), the wrongful death plaintiff lost his young wife in a tragic accident, yet his Facebook page included a photo of him \u201cclutching a beer can, wearing a T-shirt emblazoned with \u2018I \u2665 hot moms\u2019 and in the company of other young adults.\u201d\u00a0 Id.<\/span>, 2011 Va. Cir. LEXIS 245 at *12.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

As an attorney, what can and what should you do about your client\u2019s social media activity?\u00a0 Can you advise your client to remove content, or change privacy settings so opposing counsel and others cannot snoop?<\/p>\n

\"describe<\/p>\n

As an initial matter, it seems obvious that an attorney may instruct a client to use discretion when posting on social media, or even advise the client to refrain from posting altogether.\u00a0 This is akin to instructing your client on what to wear to court.\u00a0 Impressions matter.\u00a0 In fact, the North Carolina State Bar Council adopted the view that a lawyer\u2019s obligation to provide competent and diligent representation (see, e.g.<\/span>, Mass. R. Prof. C. 1.1 and 1.3) requires<\/em> a lawyer to \u201cadvise the client of the legal ramifications of existing postings, future postings, and third party comments. \u00a0Advice should be given before and after the law suit is filed.\u201d\u00a0See<\/span> 2014 N.C. Ethics Op. 5, #1<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n

But what about existing social media?\u00a0 Can it be made private?\u00a0 Can it be purged?<\/p>\n

The answer to the last question is an emphatic \u201cno.\u201d\u00a0 Rule 3.4 of the Massachusetts Rules of Professional Conduct provides, in relevant part, that \u201c[a] lawyer shall not: (a) unlawfully obstruct another party\u2019s access to evidence or unlawfully alter, destroy, or conceal a document or other material having potential evidentiary value. \u00a0A lawyer shall not counsel or assist another person to do any such act; \u2026.\u201d M.R.C.P. 3.4<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span>. To purge damaging information on social media would, if relevant, likely constitute spoliation.\u00a0 See Scott v. Garfield<\/span>, 454 Mass. 790, 798 (2009) (\u201cThe doctrine of\u00a0spoliation\u00a0permits the imposition of sanctions and remedies where a litigant or its expert negligently or intentionally loses or destroys evidence that the litigant (or expert) knows or reasonably should know might be relevant to a possible action, even when the\u00a0spoliation\u00a0occurs before an action has been commenced.\u201d).<\/p>\n

This is exactly what happened in Lester<\/span>.\u00a0 The trial court found that plaintiff\u2019s lawyer \u201cinstructed [his paralegal] to tell\u00a0Lester\u00a0to \u2018clean up\u2019 his Facebook because \u2018we don\u2019t want blowups of this stuff at trial.\u2019\u201d\u00a0 Lester<\/span>, 2011 Va. Cir. LEXIS 245 at *13.\u00a0 To compound matters, the plaintiff had already<\/em> been served with discovery requests that plainly sought such information.\u00a0 The attorney\u2019s obviously-improper response was to instruct the plaintiff to deactivate his account and to respond to the document requests \u201cby stating that\u00a0Lester\u00a0had no Facebook page as of the date the response was signed.\u201d\u00a0 Id.<\/span> at *14.\u00a0 This approach resulted in a sanction of $542,000 against the lawyer and $180,000 against the plaintiff.\u00a0 Lester v. Allied Concrete Co.<\/span>, 2011 Va. Cir. LEXIS 132, *4 (Va. Cir. Ct. Oct. 21, 2011).<\/p>\n

The facts of Lester<\/span> are admittedly extreme.\u00a0 Some might even argue that concerns about spoliation are overblown, since there must be a showing that relevant<\/em> evidence was destroyed.\u00a0 See, e.g.<\/span>, Keene v. Brigham & Women\u2019s Hosp., Inc.<\/span>, 439 Mass. 223, 234 (2003) (spoliation involves \u201cnegligently or intentionally lost or destroyed evidence known to be relevant for an upcoming legal proceeding\u201d); Kippenhan v. Chaulk Servs., Inc.<\/span>,\u00a0428 Mass. 124, 127 (1998) (\u201cThe threat of a lawsuit must be sufficiently apparent, however, that a reasonable person in the spoliator\u2019s position would realize, at the time of spoliation, the possible importance of the evidence to the resolution of the potential dispute.\u201d).\u00a0 This argument should provide an attorney little comfort, however, because if you instruct a client to delete content, a court might very well presume that you<\/em> deemed it relevant.<\/p>\n

The better course is to simply advise a client to make his or her social media account private.\u00a0 See, e.g.<\/span>, New York County Lawyers’ Association Ethics Opinion 745 (July 2, 2013), p.2<\/span><\/a><\/span>\u00a0(\u201cThere is no ethical constraint on advising a client to use the highest level of privacy\/security settings that is available.\u201d).\u00a0 Indeed, doing so is prudent advice.\u00a0 Why volunteer information \u2013 relevant or not \u2013 that opposing counsel can then use to their advantage?\u00a0 Let opposing counsel affirmatively request such discovery, where you have the opportunity to object and put the onus on the requesting party to demonstrate to the court that such information is relevant.\u00a0 See, e.g.,<\/span> Tapp v. New York State Urban Dev. Corp.<\/span>, 958 N.Y.S.2d 392, 393 (N.Y. App. Div. 2013) (\u201cThe motion court correctly determined that plaintiff\u2019s mere possession and utilization of a Facebook account is an insufficient basis to compel plaintiff to provide access to the account or to have the court conduct an in camera inspection of the account\u2019s usage. To warrant discovery, defendants must establish a factual predicate for their request by identifying relevant information in plaintiff\u2019s Facebook account\u2014that is, information that \u201ccontradicts or conflicts with plaintiff\u2019s alleged restrictions, disabilities, and losses, and other claims.\u2019\u201d); Tompkins v. Detroit Metro. Airport<\/span>, 278 F.R.D. 387, 388 (E.D. Mich. 2012) (\u201c\u2026 Defendant does not have a generalized right to rummage at will through information that Plaintiff has limited from public view. \u2026 [T]here must be a threshold showing that the requested information is reasonably calculated to lead to the discovery of admissible evidence.\u00a0 Otherwise, the Defendant would be allowed to engage in the proverbial fishing expedition, in the hope that there might<\/em> be something of relevance in Plaintiff\u2019s Facebook account.\u201d).<\/p>\n

If your client objects to changing his or her privacy setting, however, and instead insists on removing content from social media, it is important that you save that content on a thumb drive or, at the very least, print out the soon-to-be-deleted pages.\u00a0 This advice differs slightly from an Ethics Opinion by the New York County Lawyers\u2019 Association on Professional Ethics.\u00a0 That opinion entitled\u00a0 “Advising a Client Regarding Posts on Social Media Sites”,\u00a0concluded as follows:<\/p>\n

But provided that such removal does not violate the substantive law regarding destruction or spoliation of evidence, there is no ethical bar to \u2018taking down\u2019 such material from social media publications, or prohibiting a client\u2019s attorney from advising the client to do so, particularly inasmuch as the substance of the posting is generally preserved in cyberspace or on the user\u2019s computer.\u00a0New York County Lawyers’ Association Ethics Opinion 745 (July 2, 2013), p.3<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

The better course, however, is for the attorney \u2013 and not just the client \u2013 to actively preserve any deleted content.\u00a0 Such efforts will provide ammunition against any later allegations of spoliation.\u00a0 See, e.g.<\/span>, Philadelphia Bar Ass\u2019n Prof\u2019l Guid. Comm., Op. 2014-5 (July 2014)<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span>, (\u201cA lawyer may, however, instruct a client to delete information that may be damaging from the client\u2019s page, but must take appropriate action to preserve the information in the event it should prove to be relevant and discoverable.\u201d); Social Media Ethics Guidelines, Commercial and Federal Litigation Section of the New York State Bar Association (March 18, 2014)<\/span><\/a><\/span> (same).<\/p>\n

As with discovery in general, the treatment of social media content requires lawyers to consider and balance their obligations to clients, adversaries and the court.\u00a0 And as the social media landscape continues to evolve, it is important for the practitioner to keep abreast of those changes and to counsel clients about the preservation of social media and the pitfalls that social media can present.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Jurors, litigants, and their attorneys are increasingly savvy about social media.\u00a0 At the same time, it seems that many people do not use the same \u201cfilters\u201d that they employ in other parts of their lives. Put simply, they are not thoughtful about how their social media activity might be perceived.\u00a0 A classic example of this […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":68,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[31,29,7,5],"class_list":["post-16","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-client-communications","tag-data-security","tag-ethics","tag-rules-of-professional-conduct"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nSocial Media and Spoliation \u2013 Can A Client Delete Her Facebook Posts? - Law Firm Defense<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sherin.com\/law-firm-defense\/2014\/09\/29\/social-media-and-spoliation-can-a-client-delete-her-facebook-posts\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Social Media and Spoliation \u2013 Can A Client Delete Her Facebook Posts? - Law Firm Defense\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Jurors, litigants, and their attorneys are increasingly savvy about social media.\u00a0 At the same time, it seems that many people do not use the same \u201cfilters\u201d that they employ in other parts of their lives. 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